高中英语语法归纳

高中英语语法归纳
一、倒装结构
学生容易混淆的是全部倒装与部分倒装。如何区分之，编个顺口溜：副(adv.)介(prep．)提前全倒装，其它句式部分倒；否定提前倒助动，让步状语倒表语；复合句式倒主句，不
倒装的属特殊。下面举例说明：
A、Here comes the bus．(副词提前，全倒装)
B、Here he comes.(代词作主语，不倒装)
C、In front of the house lies a garden.(介词短语提前，全倒装)
D、Never shall I do this again.(否定词提前，部分倒装)
E、Young as he is ,he knows a lot.(让步状语从句，表语倒装)
F、Only when he told me did I realize whattrouble he was in．(only 修饰状语，主句倒装)
G、Only he can save the patient.(only修饰主语．不倒装)
H、Not only will help be given topeople,but also medical treatment will be provided.(否定词提前，部分倒装)
Not only he butalso we like sports.(连接两个主语，不倒装)
二、非谓语动词
“非谓语动词”可分为动词不定式、动名词和分词。它在句子中的作用很多：除了不作谓语外，它可以充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语与复合宾语(主语补语或宾语补语)。有些及物动词后面接不带to的不定式作复合宾语。这些动词归纳如下：一感(feel)．二听(hear，listen to)，三让(have，1et， make)，四看(see，watCh，notice，observe)。再加上help somebody(to)do something和美国英语look at somebody do somthing。还有“二让”属特殊：get somebody to do something 与keep somebody doing。而有些及物动词后面接动名词(the -ing form)作宾语。这些动词归纳为一句话：Papa C makes friends。这是由如下动词的开头字母组成：permit，advise， practise，avoid,consider,mind,allow,keep,enjoy,suggest, finish，risk，imagine,escape,need，delay，stand(忍受)。
三、复合句
1、学生容易混淆的是定语从句与同位语从句的区别。
例： A、The news that our team has won the matchis true． (同位语从句)
B、The news that he told us surprisedeverybody here． (定语从句)
关键的区别在于连接或关系代词that：有意义的是定语，无意义的是同位。因为引导定语从句的that在从句中作主语或宾语，而引导同位语从句的that只起到连接词的作用。
2、接着容易混淆的是引导定语从句的关系代词that与 which：that之前是不定(代词)、序数(词)、(形容词)高级：which之前是介词短语与逗号(非限制性)。
例：A、All that we have to do is to practiseevery day．
B、The first lesson that I learned willnever be forgotten．
C、I have lost my pen，which I like very much.
D、The house in front of which there is agarden is my home．