2013年职称英语学习知识运用

1.谓语动词根据主语意义及就近原则而定的情形：

⑴单复数形式相同的名词用作主语时，要根据它们所含的数量概念来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如：

A sheep is running along the river.

Some sheep are running along the river.

常见的这些名词有：aircraft， fish， means， sheep， species， works， Chinese， Japanese，swine等。

⑵可数的集体名词，如果作为一个集合概念来看，它表示单数意义，就应该遵循语法一致的原则，动词用单数形式;如果强调的是个体，它表示的就是复数意义，动词用复数形式。如：

The audience was enormous.

The audience were greatly moved at the word.

常见的这些名词有：army，audience，class，club，jury，public，school，staff，government，team等。

⑶当数学运算中的数词作主语时，谓语动词用单复数均可，但若用了plus， minus，

multiplied或divide时，谓语动词多用equals.

Two fours are eight.

6 multiplied by 3 equals 18.

Four from five leaves one.

⑷在强调句型“It

is/was…that/who…”中，强调主语时，that/who引导的从句的谓语动词的形式取决于被强调词的单复数形式或其意义。

It is precisely the people who create history.

⑸“the minority/majority of 名词”短语作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于名词的单复数形式。如：

The majority of students were on Ben‘s side.

⑹“all (any， some， a lot， lots， the rest， none， loads， the reminder和分数名词短语)of 名词“作主语时，若名词为复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式;否则用单数形式。

Half of them are here.

All the land is cultivated.

Tree fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.

⑺“…form(s) / kind(s) / type(s) of

名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数与form(s)等的单复数一致，此时，若名词是不可数名词，谓语动词也要用复数形式。如：

This kind of book sells well.

Two kinds of salt have been proved to be harmful to human body.

⑻“plenty (part， half， rest等) 名词”作主语时，谓语动词与of后面的名词的单复数形式一致。如：

Half of the guests were here.

⑼由并列连词(or， either…or， neither…nor， not only…but

(also)等)连接的并列成份作主语时，谓语动词按就近原则与其保持一致。如：

Neither you nor I am right.

Either Jack or his sisters are going to the cinema.

⑽在“here， there”引导的结构中，如果有多于一个的主语，谓语动词与邻近的主语取得一致。如：

There are two books， a rule and a pen on the desk.

Here is a table， some chairs， and a few desks in the room.

⑾“the 形容词或分词”作主语时，若指一个人或抽象概念，谓语动词用单数形式;若指一类人，谓语动词用复数形式。如：

The deceased was his mother.

The good are demanding their ringhts.

⑿由as well as， as much as， no less than， rather

than等连接的并列主语，在意义上更强调主语。根据语法一致的原则，动词形式通常取决于主语的数和人称。如：

I，as well as him， am ready for outing.

He as much as us is responsible for it.

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